MySQL Tuning

These are two perl scripts that help to tune the MySQL Database:

tuning-primer.sh

mysql-tuner.pl

Enable SSH in VMware ESX 3.x

ESXi 3.5 does ship with the ability to run SSH, but this is disabled by default (and is not supported). If you just need to access the console of ESXi, then you only need to perform steps 1 - 3.

1) At the console of the ESXi host, press ALT-F1 to access the console window.

2) Enter unsupported in the console and then press Enter. You will not see the text you type in.

3) If you typed in unsupported correctly, you will see the Tech Support Mode warning and a password prompt. Enter the password for the root login.

4) You should then see the prompt of ~ #.

Edit the file inetd.conf (enter the command vim /etc/inetd.conf).

5) Find the line that begins with #ssh and remove the #. Then save the file.

6) Once you've closed the vi editor, run the command /sbin/services.sh restart to restart the management services. You'll now be able to connect to the ESXi host with a SSH client.

Disable Beep in Ubuntu Hardy

Open the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist as root in a text editor:

vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist

Add this line to the end of the file:

blacklist pcspkr

The next time Ubuntu boots up pcspkr will be blocked from loading and you will no longer hear the beep. Peace and quiet at last!

But if you only need a temporary solution to disable the beep, just run this command (as root):

modprobe -r pcspkr

Make Hostname permanent in Strato - Debian

Chnage this line in file /etc/hostname.sh:

[ -f /etc/hostname ] && HOSTNAME="$(cat /etc/hostname)"

to:

[ -f /etc/hostname ] && HOSTNAME="YOURHOSTNAME"

Setting POP3 Connector & email server

Download and install these two patches from Microsoft:

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=7B1FF109-092E-4418-AA37-A53AF7B8F6FC&displaylang=en

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=206e4e32-1e37-4836-b4f7-8d6a543a7c7f&DisplayLang=en

Follow this link:

http://www.msexchange.org/tutorials/Configuring-Incoming-Outgoing-Email-Windows-Small-Business-Server-2003.html

Enable HTTPS in Debian

install this package:

apt-get install libapache-mod-ssl

Enable ssl mode in Apache:

a2enmod ssl

add port 443 in /etc/apache2/ports.conf:

Listen 443

Make certificate (after run this command you must answer some questions):

make-ssl-cert /usr/share/ssl-cert/ssleay.cnf /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem

add these lines to
/etc/apache2/sites-available/YOURSERVER.COM.conf:

>VirtualHost *:443>

. . .
SSLEngine On
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem
. . .

>/VirtualHost>

restart Apache2.

To redirect HTTP to HTTPS add these lines to
/etc/apache2/sites-available/YOURSERVER.COM.conf under 443 options:

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} ^80$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}$1 [L,R]
RewriteLog "/var/log/apache2/rewrite.log"
RewriteLogLevel 2

and restart Apache2 again!

ftp user in a jail

Edit vsftpd configuration file - /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf and

make sure following line exists (and uncommented):

chroot_local_user=YES

Save and close the file. Restart vsftpd.

Windows Vista - Clear cache for dead offline files

Add the FormatDatabase (DBWD) registry entry to the following registry subkey:

(First add Parameters under Csc, if doesn't exist)

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Csc\Parameters

Then, set the FormatDatabase registry entry to 1.

The restart your computer.

Bacula automatic startup

Create a bacula file in /etc/init.d/ :

#!/bin/sh

case "$1" in
'start')
/etc/bacula/bacula start
;;
'stop')
/etc/bacula/bacula stop
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 { start | stop }"
;;
esac
exit 0

add these links as follows:

ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc2.d/S90bacula
ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc3.d/S90bacula
ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc4.d/S90bacula
ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc5.d/S90bacula
ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc0.d/K90bacula
ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc1.d/K90bacula
ln -s /etc/init.d/bacula /etc/rc6.d/K90bacula

or simply run:

update-rc.d bacula defaults 90

Heartbeat - DRBD - MYSQL - APACHE - TYPO3

With two ubuntu (8.04) machine: ubuntu-five and ubuntu-six.
On both boxes exists two pure partitions: /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc
Install these packages on both:

apt-get install heartbeat-2 drbd8-utils stonith mysql-server apache2
apt-get install typo3-base typo3-env
apt-get install php5 php5-cgi php5-mysql typo3-site-installer

Here is my /etc/drbd.conf:

resource testing { # name of resources for mysql database

protocol C;

on ubuntu-five { # first server hostname
device /dev/drbd0; # Name of DRBD device
disk /dev/sdb1; # Partition to use, which was created using fdisk
address 10.66.66.22:7788; # IP addres and port number used by drbd
meta-disk internal; # where to store metadata meta-data
}

on ubuntu-six { # second server hostname
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sdb1;
address 10.66.66.26:7788;
meta-disk internal;
}

disk {
on-io-error detach;
}

net {
max-buffers 2048;
ko-count 4;
}

syncer {
rate 10M;
al-extents 257;
}

startup {
wfc-timeout 0;
degr-wfc-timeout 120; # 2 minutos.
}
}

resource typo3 { # name of resources apache2 and typo3

protocol C;

on ubuntu-five { # first server hostname
device /dev/drbd1; # Name of DRBD device
disk /dev/sdc1; # Partition to use, which was created using fdisk
address 10.66.66.22:7789; # IP addres and port number used by drbd
meta-disk internal; # where to store metadata meta-data
}

on ubuntu-six { # second server hostname
device /dev/drbd1;
disk /dev/sdc1;
address 10.66.66.26:7789;
meta-disk internal;
}

disk {
on-io-error detach;
}

net {
max-buffers 2048;
ko-count 4;
}

syncer {
rate 10M;
al-extents 257;
}

startup {
wfc-timeout 0;
degr-wfc-timeout 120; # 2 minutos.
}
}

Here is my /etc/ha.d/ha.cf:

logfile /var/log/ha-log
keepalive 2
deadtime 30
udpport 695
bcast eth0
auto_failback off
stonith_host ubuntu-five meatware ubuntu-six
stonith_host ubuntu-six meatware ubuntu-five
node ubuntu-six ubuntu-five

and the /etc/ha.d/haresources:

ubuntu-five IPaddr::10.66.66.74/24/eth0\
drbddisk::testing Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/var/lib/mysql::ext3\
drbddisk::typo3 Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext3 mysql apache2

First make new Partitions on sdb and sdc on both boxes:
fdsik /dev/sdb
> n
> p
> 1
> enter
> enter
> w

fdsik /dev/sdc
> n
> p
> 1
> enter
> enter
> w

make drbd with these commands on both boxes:

drbdadm create-md testing
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/drbd0

drbdadm create-md typo3
(#mkfs.ext3 /dev/drbd1)

On ubuntu-five run:
drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary all
drbdadm connect all

On ubuntu-six run:
drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer secondary all
drbdadm connect all

Wait until new DRBD drive to syncing.

Move the mysql data files and test mounting on ubuntu-five:

/etc/init.d/mysql stop

mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql.org
mkdir /var/lib/mysql
mount /dev/drbd0 /var/lib/mysql
mv /var/lib/mysql.org/* /var/lib/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql start

On ubuntu-six do:

/etc/init.d/mysql stop

mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql.org

Shutdown ubuntu-six and restart ubuntu-five.
Now start ubutnu-six after the ubuntu-five completely came up.

End :)

Cloning typo3 Site

Copy the apache folder (/var/www/... or /var/srv/... to destination).

Make links for typo3 folders.

Backup database in source:

mysqldump -u {user} -p {databasename} > typo3_db.sql

Copy the file typo3_db.sql to destination.

Build new database in destination:

mysql -u root -p

mysql> grant all privileges on {datenbankname}.* \
      to {username}@localhost identified by '{passwort}';

mysql> quit ;

mysql -u {username} -p

mysql> create database {databasename};

mysql> quit ;

mysql -u {username} -p {databaseame} < typo3_db.sql

Ubuntu - Change eth0 to eth1

Edit this file:

vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

# PCI device 0x1022:0x2000 (pcnet32)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:bf:c8:1b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

# PCI device 0x1022:0x2000 (pcnet32)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:bf:c8:1b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

delete eth0 line, and change eth1 line to eth0:

MySQL Clustering - Master / Slave

We will need two Ubuntu Servers.

for example:

hostname: IP
--------------------------------------
ubuntu-one: 10.66.66.36
ubuntu-two: 10.66.66.29

To begin with we'll install and configure MySQL for normal use on each of the boxes.

sudo apt-get install mysql-server --yes

Set a strong MySQL root password and wait for the packages to download and install, then edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf to make MySQL listen on all IP addresses.

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

Now restart MySQL and fire up the MySQL command-line client to check all is good.

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

mysql -u root -p
Enter password: [enter the MySQL root password you chose earlier]
mysql> 

If you got the mysql> prompt then MySQL is running. Try connecting to the other node across the network to see if the firewall is opened and MySQL is listening on the network interface.

From ubuntu-one run:

mysql -h ubuntu-two -u root -p

Enter password: [enter the MySQL root password you chose earlier]
ERROR 1130 (00000): Host 'db-01' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server

If you got the above error then everything is working fine - MySQL connected and refused to authorise the client.

The first thing we want to do is setup a simple master-slave
replication to see that it's possible to replicate data from one
database host to the other. This requires a binary log so tell MySQL on
ubuntu-one to keep one.

Edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and set the following values under the replication section:

server-id               = 1
log_bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days        = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
binlog_do_db            = my_application <=== Database to replicate
binlog_ignore_db        = mysql <=== Database to ignore
binlog_ignore_db        = test <=== Database to ignore  On ubuntu-one grant\
                                   replication slave rights to ubuntu-two.

Change some_password to a real, strong password.
Afterwards, make sure you restart MySQL.

mysql -u root -p

Enter password: [enter the MySQL root password you chose earlier]
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'ubuntu-two' identified by 'some_password';

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

Jump on to ubuntu-two and set it up to replicate data from ubuntu-one by editing /etc/mysql/my.cnf, again replacing the hostname, username and password with the values for ubuntu-one.

server-id = 2
master-host = ubuntu-one
master-user = replication
master-password = some_password
master-port = 3306

One way replication should now be setup. Restart MySQL and check the
status of the slave on ubuntu-two. If the Slave_IO_State is "Waiting for
master to send event" then you've been successful.

# Run this on ubuntu-two only

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
mysql -u root -p
Enter password: [enter the MySQL root password you chose earlier]
mysql> show slave status ;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
          Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
             Master_Host: 193.219.108.241
             Master_User: replication
             Master_Port: 3306
           Connect_Retry: 60
         Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
     Read_Master_Log_Pos: 98
          Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000004
           Relay_Log_Pos: 235
   Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
        Slave_IO_Running: Yes
       Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
         Replicate_Do_DB:
     Replicate_Ignore_DB:
      Replicate_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Ignore_Table:
 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
              Last_Errno: 0
              Last_Error:
            Skip_Counter: 0
     Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98
         Relay_Log_Space: 235
         Until_Condition: None
          Until_Log_File:
           Until_Log_Pos: 0
      Master_SSL_Allowed: No
      Master_SSL_CA_File:
      Master_SSL_CA_Path:
         Master_SSL_Cert:
       Master_SSL_Cipher:
          Master_SSL_Key:
   Seconds_Behind_Master: 0