Chrooted SSH/SFTP

with these settings, works for me in Debian Lenny:

Be sure that this line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists:

Subsystem sftp internal-sftp

Chroot the user to his home:

ChrootDirectory %h

The owner of home must be root (mod 755).

These lines are important, otherwise the root user could not login into system:

Match User root
ChrootDirectory /

Restart the ssh process:

/etc/init.d/ssh restart

Colored output in bash

Use escape sequences:

echo -e '\E[color1;color2mYour Text.'
(color1 is the foreground, color2 the background color)

Shell Scripting Syntax

 echo -e '\E[30m black \E[31mred \E[32mgreen \E[33myellow \E[34mblue \E[35mmagenta \E[36mcyan \E[37mwhite'
 echo -e '\E[30;41mblack on red'

<strong class="highlight">echo</strong> -e '\E[30m black \E[31mred \E[32mgreen \E[33myellow \E[34mblue \E[35mmagenta \E[36mcyan \E[37mwhite' <strong class="highlight">echo</strong> -e '\E[30;41mblack on red'

Shell Scripting Syntax

Color:           Foreground:           Background:
---------------------------------------------------------
black             30                       40
red               31                       41
green             32                       42
yellow            33                       43
blue              34                       44
magenta           35                       45
cyan              36                       46
white             37                       47

Counting files number in a directory under Linux

One way is:

ls -1 /YOUR/DIRECTORY | grep -c ""

Ubuntu - If your desktop icons are disappeared, try this

Press Alt+F2 and type gconf-editor in window.

Then apps --> nautilus --> preferences

Make sure "show_desktop" is checked.

If it's checked then double click on it and hit ok.

Send test mail from command line with Sendmail

In shell run this command:

( echo subject: test; echo ) | sendmail -v -oi YOUR-EMAIL@ADDRESS.COM

MySQL - debian-sys-maint account

Find your debian-sys-maint password in /etc/mysql/debian.cnf.

Then use this command in Mysql shell:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'PASSWORD' WITH GRANT OPTION;

Replace PASSWORD with your debian-sys-maint password.

Backup and restore debian/ubuntu package selection

If you are running Debian and have lost track of which packages you are running, it could be useful to get a backup of your currently installed packages. You can get a list by running:

dpkg --get-selections > debianlist.txt

This will put the entire list in debianlist.txt. You could then install the same packages on a different computer with:

dpkg --set-selections < debianlist.txt

You should bear in mind that you would also need to copy over configuration files from /etc when copying your system to a new computer.

To actually install the selections, use:

apt-get -u dselect-upgrade

Source: http://www.tuxradar.com/content/linux-tips-every-geek-should-know

Convert a ssh-keygen to putty format using puttygen

First install putty-tools:

apt-get install putty-tools


then use this command to convert ssh-key:

puttygen YOUR-KEY -o OUTPUTFILE.PPK

How-To: Find missing packages in Debian

apt-file is a command line tool for searching packages in Debian/Ubuntu repositories.
Unlike apt-cache search, apt-file can find files in uninstalled or can list the content of uninstalled packages.

First, we will install the apt-file package:

apt-get install apt-file

then we need to update database:

apt-file update

now we can query the database for myfile:

apt-file search FILENAME

Find Windows LDAP Schema

Run this command:

adsiedit.msc

Connect to your Server and expand the tree to see it!!

Find mailbox size - Exchange Server 2007

in Exchange Console type:

Get-Mailboxstatistics | ft DisplayName, TotalItemSize

View and change the Queue Lifetime in qmail

With this command you can see the Queue-Lifetime:

/var/qmail/bin/qmail-showctl | grep life

this returns the Lifetime in seconds. (Default is 604800 seconds or 7 days)

You can change this value by edit the queuelifetime file in /var/qmail/control:

echo 86400 > /var/qmail/control/queuelifetime

and then restart the Qmail:

/etc/init.d/qmail restart

Install Linux from Internet

Look this site:

http://boot.kernel.org/